History of Guadalajara
History of Mérida
History of Oaxaca
Northern Mexico
Central Mexico
Southern Mexico
History of Guadalajara
History of Mérida
History of Oaxaca
Northern Mexico
Central Mexico
Southern Mexico
ILLUSTRIOUS MEN OF HERMOSILLO PLAYED A KEY ROLE IN THE REVOLUTION
Pre-Hispanic Era
In 1340, there was a massive migration of inhabitants from Casas Grandes to the mountainous area of Sonora, resulting in the origin of the Ópata tribe.
Colonial Era
In 1529, survivors of the expedition led by Diego Hurtado de Mendoza set foot on Sonoran territory. Three years later, Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán undertook the first exploration in Sonora, coming from San Miguel Culiacán.
In 1637, Sonora became a province of Sinaloa due to the capitulations celebrated between Pedro de Pérez and the Viceroy of New Spain. In 1687, the Jesuit missionary Francisco Eusebio Kino, invested with full powers from the Crown and the Viceroyalty, founded the Mission of Nuestra Señora de Dolores de Cosari in the Upper Pimería.
Specifically, the origin of Hermosillo dates back to 1700, when the towns of Nuestra Señora del Pópulo, Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles, and la Santísima Trinidad del Pitic were founded, inhabited by the Seris, Tepocas, and Pimas Bajos.
The original purpose of this city was to contain the Seris and Tepocas indigenous peoples and protect the Spanish expansion under the name Real Presidio de San Pedro de la Conquista, named in honor of Viceroy Don Pedro de Castro y Figueroa, Duke of Conquest and Marquis of Gracia.
In 1718, by orders of Governor Don Manuel de San Juan y Santa Cruz, the town of la Santísima Trinidad del Pitic was repopulated. On September 29, 1725, the Seris settled in Pópulo rebelled and invaded the town of Opodepe. They were pursued with the goal of pressuring them to sign a peace treaty, which happened in January 1726. As a result of this treaty, they were settled in Pópulo and in the areas known as Alares and Moraga. Later, due to the uncertainty caused by the bellicosity of the indigenous people, the Presidio del Pitic was formed.
History of Hermosillo
War of Independence & the 19th Century
In 1810, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla commissioned José María González de Hermosillo to extend the Independence movement in the northwest of the country. In 1821, Alejo García Conde, the intendant of Sonora, joined the Plan of Iguala and the Provincial Deputation held in Durango, which proclaimed Independence. The Central Government Board established the province of Sonora, with the limits of the intendancy of Arizpe.
In 1823, the Supreme Congress divided the Northwest state between Sonora, with its capital in Ures, and Sinaloa, with its seat in Culiacán. On February 9, 1825, it was instituted as a head of the party, dependent on the Horcasitas department. The decree of the Legislature of the Western State on September 5, 1828, removed its original name and gave it the current name of Hermosillo, with the political category of a city in honor of General José María González Hermosillo.
From March 14, 1831, it became the seat of the local supreme powers, which were moved to the city of Arizpe on May 25, 1832.
On November 4, 1881, the railway connecting Guaymas and Hermosillo to Nogales and the southwestern U.S. border was completed. The ease of transportation led to a new development in the northwest. This allowed for the flow of investments in mining and trade, as well as in agriculture, consolidating it as a hub of economic and social development.
In 1887, the last Apache leader, Jerónimo, was expelled from Sonora, and the Yaqui leader, José María Leyva "Cajeme," who rebelled against the government, was executed.
Mexican Revolution
Ramón Corral assumed the governorship of Sonora, promoting electrification and banking systems in the state. In 1905, the Sonoran government began the mass deportation of Yaquis and other indigenous people to Yucatán.
In 1906, Esteban Baca Calderón and Manuel M. Diéguez, among others, led a strike with the Cananea Consolidated Copper Company due to wage and labor issues. The movement was repressed by national forces and American "rangers," resulting in 19 strikers killed and several injured.
In 1910, Maytorena supported Madero during his visit to Hermosillo as part of his presidential campaign. In February 1913, upon learning of Madero's death, the only governments to immediately speak out against the usurper Huerta were those of Sonora and Chihuahua. Obregón took Nogales in his fight against Huerta.
In 1915, an important battle took place in Agua Prieta, where Plutarco Elías Calles defeated the Villistas. Mazatlán was taken by Villa after failing to capture Hermosillo. Meanwhile, Sonoran Governor Plutarco Elías Calles founded the Normal School for Teachers in Hermosillo.
In 1916, Calles established the Sonora Labor Chamber and decreed the minimum wage in the state. Interim Governor Adolfo de la Huerta decreed the free municipality, replacing political prefectures.
On April 23, 1920, the Plan of Agua Prieta was proclaimed in Agua Prieta, disavowing President Carranza. The Sonorans succeeded in their movement, installing Adolfo de la Huerta as interim president and later Obregón as constitutional president.
Modern Era
In 1936, President Lázaro Cárdenas, based on the Expropriation Law and the Agrarian Code, expropriated 90,500 hectares of the Colorado River Land Company with the aim of delivering them to Sonoran peasants.
Since then, Hermosillo has consolidated itself as a hub of development in the northern part of the country.
COLORFUL AND UNFORGETTABLE SUNSETS
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