History of Guadalajara
History of Mérida
History of Oaxaca
Northern Mexico
Central Mexico
Southern Mexico
History of Guadalajara
History of Mérida
History of Oaxaca
Northern Mexico
Central Mexico
Southern Mexico
THE SECOND MOST IMPORTANT CITY IN MEXICO
Pre-Hispanic Era
There are remnants indicating that this territory was inhabited over 15,000 years ago by nomadic tribes.
The permanent existence of water for fishing, drinking, and hunting animals trapped in the muddy banks as they sought to quench their thirst, the temperate climate, and the abundance of fruits due to the ambient humidity, all favored the life of those ancient people.
In the year 618 A.D., the cultural expansion of the Toltecs reached the Xalisco region. In 1325, the town of Ameca was founded, facing constant invasions from the Tarascans, whose dominion extended throughout the area. In 1510, the indigenous people of Zapotlán, Sayula, and Zacoalco, with the help of those from Colima, ceased to be tributaries of the Michoacan-Tarascans after winning the War of Salitre.
Colonial Era
In 1522, Cristóbal de Olid ventured through Mazamitla and Tamazula in search of precious minerals. In 1524, Francisco Cortés de Buenaventura explored the Autlán Valley. Alonso de Ávalos received the southern region of Jalisco as an encomienda, extending to the southern bank of Lake Chapala, as well as Cocula, Zacoalco, and Sayula. In 1529, the President of the Audiencia of Mexico, Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán, began the conquest of the Jaliscan region, which along with Nayarit, Colima, and Michoacán, formed the region known as "Conquest of the Holy Spirit of Greater Spain".
In 1531, Juan de Oñate, on orders of Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán, founded the town of Guadalajara in present-day Nochistlán, with the aim of promoting communication with Pánuco. A royal decree stipulated that the region be called the province or kingdom of New Galicia, with the capital established in Santiago Galicia de Compostela. In 1541, there was a native uprising in northern New Galicia. During the skirmishes, Pedro de Alvarado was assassinated and Miguel de Ibarra defeated; Guadalajara was attacked by the indigenous people, who were eventually defeated in El Mixtón.
History of Guadalajara
On February 14, 1542, the Villa of Guadalajara was moved to its definitive location in the Atemajac Valley. The first councilors were appointed. On February 13, 1548, by royal decree of King Charles I of Spain, the Audiencia of New Galicia was created, originally established in Compostela.
In 1560, Guadalajara became the indisputable capital of the Kingdom of New Galicia, which extended as far as present-day San Francisco, California. Both President Morones and the new bishop, Pedro de Ayala, supported the claim of Guadalajara, and on May 10 of that year, the decree granting the change of residence was issued. Under these conditions, Guadalajara and other important settlements in the New Kingdom of Galicia experienced rapid development throughout the colonial era.
War of Independence
By the end of September 1809, the "Cry of Dolores" echoed in New Galicia; two small insurgent groups appeared: one led by Navarro, Portugal, and Toribio Huidrobo, which moved through Jalostotitlán, Arandas, Atotonilco, and La Barca; the other, led by José Antonio Torres - known as "el Amo" - traveled through Sahuayo, Tizapán el Alto, Atoyac, and Zacoalco. On November 28, the insurgents of Mercado stationed themselves outside the port and demanded its surrender, which happened three days later, despite having sufficient elements for defense.
Guadalajara became the capital of the State of Jalisco on May 27, 1824. In 1834, the Jaliscan Congress invited those from Querétaro, Guanajuato, San Luis Potosí, and Michoacán to form a coalition to defend "independence, liberty, and federation" against the centralist attempts of Santa Anna.
French Invasion and Reform
On March 13, 1858, Guadalajara became the seat of the Executive Power when President Juárez and his cabinet were installed there. Colonel Antonio Landa, in charge of the presidential honor guard, arrested the president and his collaborators. General Anastasio Parrodi liberated Guadalajara and the presidential cabinet, who then left for Colima. The conservative army took Guadalajara.
In 1863, French troops took Lagos de Moreno on their way to Aguascalientes. On January 6, 1864, the French army entered Guadalajara. In 1866, the republican Eulogio Parra defeated the French troops at the Coronilla Estate, near Santa Ana Acatlán. In 1867, General Ramón Corona took control of the city of Guadalajara. Pedro Galván defeated the French in Acatlán, consolidating the republican victory. The Jalisco Congress restored constitutional order.
In 1888, the Mexico-Guadalajara railway was inaugurated. In 1906, the Political Constitution of Jalisco was published.
Porfirio Díaz Era and Revolution
Before 1908, there was no organized opposition to the government in Jalisco. Rather, it manifested in small groups of students, professionals, and certain miners and textile workers who carried out some strikes. In 1910, the Revolution erupted, and on June 11, 1911, the Maderist troops of Ramón Romero entered Guadalajara victoriously.
In 1914, the constitutionalists entered Guadalajara peacefully after defeating Huertist troops in Atzatlán, Ahualulco, and Ameca. General Manuel M. Diéguez assumed the governorship of Jalisco; he decreed the minimum wage and secular education. On December 17, the Villaist general Julián Medina took Guadalajara. Manuel M. Diéguez established his government in Ciudad Guzmán. In 1915, Manuel M. Diéguez took Guadalajara twice, while the Villaists did the same, until finally Diéguez established himself definitively in the state government.
In 1924, the Huertist rebels were defeated at Lake Chapala. Governor José Guadalupe Zuno returned to Guadalajara.
Cristero Rebellion
During the period of the Cristero War, in 1926, the League of Religious Defense initiated a boycott against the government and a tax strike. The Cristero movement expanded to various regions of Jalisco. In 1927, 13 Catholic unions, organized by Priest Amando de Alba, took up arms during the Cristero War.
After these disturbances, Guadalajara consolidated itself as one of the most progressive cities in the country, becoming the second most important city in Mexico.
Modern Era
Currently, Guadalajara is the second most important city in the country and is a center of economic development for the region and an important tourist destination.
MODERN CITY WITH DEEPLY ROOTED TRADITIONS
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