It is the third Franciscan convent to be established on Tlaxcalan soil, almost contemporary to the one in Tepeyanco, which was the second, as both were granted a license in 1543. It was built on what was previously the grand ceremonial center of the Olmec-Xicalanca people of Cacaxtla.

The main door of the atrium dates back to the 16th century and was likely part of the (now disappeared) Convent or the Church of the Immaculate Conception, of which only a few remnants of the old stone, tepetate, and brick walls remain.

However, we can still admire altarpieces, holy water fonts, and other religious objects that belonged to the ancient convent, in the current Parish of Santa María Nativitas, a construction from the 17th century.

Its grand adobe façade features four Solomonian columns framing niches with carved stone images of the Virgin Mary, Saint Peter, Saint Paul, Saint Anne, and Saint Joachim. The Conception in Atlihuetzía is considered one of the most complete and important in Tlaxcala.

Inside, some baroque-style altarpieces are preserved, with the main altar being the most impressive.

One of its peculiarities is that instead of windows, the dome has alabaster plates, and beneath the choir, there are two magnificent paintings depicting the story of the Tlaxcalan child martyrs.